Causes of Gum Disease

The main causes of gum disease include poor oral hygiene, plaque buildup, and bacteria causing inflammation in the gums. Other risk factors include genetic predisposition, smoking, hormonal changes, stress, systemic diseases like diabetes, and the use of certain medications.

Symptoms of Gum Disease

Gum disease may not be noticeable in its early stages. However, the main symptoms to watch for include:

• Redness, swelling, and sensitivity in the gums
• Bleeding when brushing teeth or using dental floss
• Bad breath (halitosis)
• Receding gums and exposed tooth roots
• Loose teeth or changes in tooth position

Stages of Gum Disease

Gingivitis (Gum Inflammation): This is the mildest form of gum disease. Redness, swelling, and bleeding in the gums occur. If treated at this stage, gum health can be restored. Periodontitis: If gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses to periodontitis. At this stage, the gums and the bone supporting the teeth are damaged. If left untreated, tooth loss may occur.

Diagnosis of Gum Disease

The diagnosis of gum disease is made through a detailed examination by a dentist. The dentist assesses the severity of the disease by measuring gum recession and the depth of gum pockets. X-rays may also be used to detect bone loss.

Treatment of Gum Disease

Treatment varies depending on the stage and severity of the disease. Gingivitis in its early stages can be treated with professional cleaning and oral hygiene education. In advanced stages, deep cleaning procedures (scaling), gum surgery, and, if necessary, bone grafting may be performed.

Prevention of Gum Disease

To prevent gum disease, it is important to brush your teeth regularly, use dental floss, eat a healthy diet, and visit the dentist for routine check-ups. Not smoking and managing stress are also factors that help maintain gum health.