Ортопедични лечения

Orthopedics is the branch of medicine that focuses on the health of the musculoskeletal system, including bones, joints, muscles, tendons, and ligaments. In recent years, advancements in stem cell technology have introduced new and effective treatment options for orthopedic conditions. Stem cell therapies, used either as an alternative to surgery or to support surgical procedures, help accelerate the healing process and improve patients’ quality of life.

Table of Contents

The Role of Stem Cells in Orthopedics

The greatest advantage of stem cells in the field of orthopedics is their ability to support the regeneration and renewal of damaged musculoskeletal tissues in the body. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), in particular, are widely used in this field and are commonly derived from bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord.

Areas of Treatment

Cartilage Damage and Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is a chronic condition caused by the gradual wear and tear of cartilage tissue in the joints. Mesenchymal stem cells, due to their ability to differentiate into cartilage cells (chondrocytes), can be used to stimulate cartilage regeneration in such cases. Stem cell treatment can reduce pain, increase joint mobility, and improve quality of life.

Tendon and Ligament Injuries: In conditions frequently seen in athletes, such as Achilles tendinitis, rotator cuff tears, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, stem cell treatments can promote faster and healthier repair of tendon and ligament tissues. This treatment shortens recovery time and reduces the risk of re-injury.

Bone Fractures and Healing Acceleration: Some fractures heal slowly or not at all (nonunion or pseudoarthrosis). Stem cell applications help solve these bone healing issues by increasing osteoblast production and contributing to the reconstruction of bone tissue.

Spinal Problems and Disc Degeneration: In cases of disc degeneration such as lumbar and cervical hernias, stem cell treatments may stimulate disc regeneration. This offers a significant non-surgical alternative for patients.

Avascular Bone Necrosis (Osteonecrosis): When blood circulation is impaired in a region, the bone tissue loses vitality. Stem cell treatment can promote new blood vessel formation and revitalization of bone tissue. Positive results have been reported especially in femoral head avascular necrosis.

Treatment Methods

Orthopedic stem cell treatments are typically applied through the following methods:

• Injection method: Direct injection of stem cells into the damaged joint or tissue. • Combination with surgery: Stem cells can be applied to the damaged area during arthroscopic or open surgery. • Alongside tissue engineering: Stem cells are placed on biological scaffolds to create artificial tissues.

Stem Cell Sources

The most preferred stem cell sources in orthopedics are:

• Bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMAC): One of the most commonly used sources, usually extracted from the hip bone. • Adipose tissue-derived stem cells: Obtained from the abdominal or thigh region and rich in MSCs. • Allogeneic sources: Cells obtained from donors, used primarily in research or specialized applications.

Efficacy and Safety

Since most stem cell applications are derived from autologous sources, they are generally safe and carry a low risk of immune rejection. However, treatment success may vary depending on the stage of the condition, the patient’s overall health, and the applied protocol. Therefore, the treatment plan should always be developed by an orthopedic specialist in collaboration with an experienced regenerative medicine team.

Conclusion

Stem cell treatments offer an innovative and effective alternative in the treatment of orthopedic diseases. They are an attractive option for patients seeking non-surgical solutions and also serve as a valuable aid in accelerating post-surgical recovery. As scientific research advances, the role of stem cells in orthopedics continues to grow, expanding available treatment options.

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